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House 101
The House of Representatives is the "people's chamber." Unlike the Senate, where every state gets two seats, House seats are distributed based on population. More people = more representatives.
Key Facts
Why Every Seat, Every Time?
With only 2-year terms, House members are always up for re-election. This is by design — the founders wanted the House to be the most responsive to the will of the people. If voters are unhappy, they can replace their representative every two years.
How Are Seats Distributed?
Every 10 years, after the census, seats are reapportioned based on population changes. States that grew may gain seats, while states that shrank may lose them.
Largest Delegations (2026)
- California — 52 seats
- Texas — 38 seats
- Florida — 28 seats
- New York — 26 seats
7 states have only 1 representative: Alaska, Delaware, North Dakota, South Dakota, Vermont, Wyoming, and Montana (gained a 2nd in 2022).
Districts & Gerrymandering
Each representative serves a specific district within their state. State legislatures draw district lines, which can be controversial. Gerrymandering is when districts are drawn to favor one party — it's one of the most debated issues in American politics.
What Does a Representative Do?
- Writes and votes on legislation
- Initiates all revenue (tax) bills — only the House can do this
- Brings impeachment charges against federal officials
- Represents their district's specific needs and interests
See which House seats are up for grabs in 2026 House races.